Ijtihad Method in Determining of the Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional – Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI)
Abstract
This study explores the ijtihad methodology used by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) in formulating fatwas on contemporary Islamic economic and financial issues. Amid rapid advancements in financial products and digital transactions, conventional fiqh often proves inadequate, prompting the need for contextual legal reasoning. The research applies qualitative library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on content analysis of DSN-MUI fatwas. The study reveals that DSN-MUI employs a distinctive and structured ijtihad framework, known as makharij fiqhiyyah, to formulate relevant and applicable fatwas. This method integrates classical usul fiqh with contextual considerations and comprises four key components: al-Taysīr al-Manhajī (methodological facilitation), tafrīq al-ḥalāl ‘an al-ḥarām (distinguishing halal from haram), i‘ādat al-naẓar (re-evaluation of legal opinions), and taḥqīq al-manāṭ (legal cause verification). The fatwas produced are not only theoretically sound but also function as semi-binding references within Indonesia’s legal framework, reflecting DSN-MUI’s role as a mediator between Islamic legal tradition and the dynamics of the modern financial system. This study contributes to understanding how Islamic legal institutions adapt traditional jurisprudence to meet the demands of contemporary economic realities in a practical and accountable manner
References
Abduh, A., Asmuni, A., & Anggraini, T. (2023). Konsep Multiakad dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI: Sebuah Inovasi dalam Praktik Keuangan Syariah di Indonesia. Kutubkhanah: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 23(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.24014/kutubkhanah.v23i1.72620
Amin, M. (2008). Fatwa dalam sistem hukum Islam. Jakarta: Elsas.
Amin, M. (2017). Makharij fiqhiyyah sebagai jawaban problem hukum ekonomi syariah [Orasi ilmiah pengukuhan sebagai Guru Besar bidang Ilmu Ekonomi Muamalat Syariah, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang].
Al-Ḥafnāwi, M. I. (2002). Dirāsah Uṣūliyyah fī Al-Qur’an al-Karīm. Kairo: Al-Ish’a’ul Fanniyyah.
Dinar, A. S., Hilal, S., & Bahruddin, M. (2025). Ijtihad dan Ifta Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN MUI): Pengertian, Metode dan Klasifikasi. Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin Bangsa, 1(8), 890–897. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpnmb.v1i8.170
Dewan Syariah Nasional–Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (n.d.). Sekilas tentang DSN–MUI. https://dsnmui.or.id/kami/sekilas/
Faikoh, I., & Silahuddin, M. (2023). Penggunaan Metodologi dalam Penetapan Fatwa Murabahah dari Sudut Pandang Ushul Fiqh (Analisis atas Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000). An Nawawi: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam, 3(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.55252/annawawi.v3i1.29
Fateh, M. (2018). Konstruksi Filosofis Fatwa DSN-MUI. Al-Mashlahah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 16(2), 155–171.
Hasanudin, F. (2019). Ijtihad Maqashidi: Metodologi dan Kontekstualisasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia (Studi Fatwa-fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia). Al-Mawarid: Jurnal Syari’ah dan Hukum, 1(2), 134–153. https://doi.org/10.20885/al-mawarid.vol1.iss2.art3
Helmi, R. (2018). Manhaj Penetapan Fatwa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran, 18(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.18592/syariah.v18i2.6904
Ichwan, M. N. (2005). 'Ulamā', State and Politics: Majelis Ulama Indonesia After Suharto. Islamic Law and Society, 12(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568519053123867
Izmuddin, I. (2018). Fatwa Methodology of National Sharia Board of Indonesian Ulama Council in Islamic Economics. Miqot: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, 42(1), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v42i1.1607
Jauhari, M. S., Ansory, I., & Ghoni, A. (2023). Metode Ijtihad dan Alur Penerbitan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) MUI. Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi Antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam, 22(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.24042/kordinat.v22i1.577830277
MASUD, M. K. (2009). The Significance of Istiftā’ in the Fatwā Discourse. Islamic Studies, 48(3), 341–366. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20839171
Mudzhar, M. A. (2014). Revitalisasi Maqasid al Shari’ah dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia (Studi Kasus atas Fatwa fatwa DSN MUI Tahun 2000–2006). Jurnal Indo Islamika, 4(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.15408/idi.v4i1.1558
Moleong, L. J. (2006). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Pujiono. (2012). Hukum Islam dan Dinamika Perkembangan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Mitra Pustaka.
Rahmi, N., Aseri, A. F., Anshary, A. H., Monady, H., & Badrian. (2024). Methodological Procedure for Determining the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council (DSN) Indonesian Ulama Majelis (MUI) Concerning Islamic Economics and Finance. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, 18(4), 2920–2935. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v18i4.3544
Saihu, Made. (2019). “Urgensi ‘Urf dalam Tradisi Male dan Relevansinya dalam Dakwah Islam di Jembrana-Bali.” Jurnal Bimas Islam, 12(1), 173–201. Diakses 13 Juni 2025. https://jurnalbimasislam.kemenag.go.id/jbi/article/view/91
Sam, M. Ichwan, Hijrah Saputra, Andriansyah Syihabuddin, & Adhika Prasetya K. (2014). Himpunan Fatwa Keuangan Syariah. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sanusi, S. R. F., Nurhasanah, N., & Surahman, M. (2020). Pengembangan Kaidah Fikih Fatwa Ekonomi Syariah DSN-MUI. At-Taqaddum, 12(2), 201–222. https://doi.org/10.21580/at.v12i2.6540
Sholihin, M. (2020). Fatwa antara Makharij Fiqhiyah dan Market Needs: Eklektisisme Pragmatis di balik Fatwa DSN MUI di Indonesia. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 5(1), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v5i1.1412
